What Is Ableism?
As humanity’s understanding and discussion of the concepts of race, racism, and antiracism have evolved over generations, so have the words and phrases we use as we continue the work of obeying God and advancing racial justice.
In this “What Is?” series, the General Commission on Religion and Race offers this compilation of concise definitions, examples, and Biblical/theological foundations to create common vocabulary for Christians as we engage in anti-racism work.
Our hope, as you engage this series, is that the learning equips you to move into deeper waters in anti-racism work in your respective context.
Visit the series homepage for more information on other anti-racism resources.
Definition:
Ableism is the discrimination and social prejudice towards people with disabilities (people with differing abilities). According to the National Center on Disability and Journalism, ableism is expressed in many forms, from overt prejudice, to subtle microaggressions and even implicit bias.[1] Ableism is a similar concept to racism, sexism, and ageism that includes stereotypes, generalizations, and demeaning views. And, according to the World Health Organization, people with disabilities (people with differing abilities) are the most discriminated population in the world.[2]
[1] National Center on Disability and Journalism. www.ncdj.org/style-guide/
[2] World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/facts-in-pictures/detail/disabilities
Example(s) of Ableism:
Examples of ableism include statements or behaviors directed at a person with a disability that denigrates and/or assumes a lesser status due to their disability. In general, persons who show or have ableist language or behaviors see people with disabilities as being less capable and/or having less value in society. Using old terms (e.g., handicap and physically challenged), not providing reasonable accommodations, and making assumptions of what accommodations are needed are common examples of ableism. Failing to incorporate accessibility into a building, policies, servant leadership, and program design plans are more examples of ableism. [1]
[1] James Charlton. Nothing About Us Without Us: Disability Oppression and Empowerment. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 2000.
Biblical/Spiritual/Theological Framing or References:
The Disability Ministries Committee (DMC) beautifully shows how ableism is in Scripture with the depiction of a blind man named Bartimaeus (Mark 10:46-52).[1] Bartimaeus sought Jesus’ attention, yearned for His mercy. Verse 48 states, “Many rebuked him and told him to be quiet…” This overt example, not only oppressed Bartimaeus, but it also shows how the faith community, attempted to exclude Bartimaeus. Jesus shows the crowd (and the readers of this passage) how people with disabilities has caught God’s attention; moreover, Christ shows how our faith communities are to show mercy, share hospitality, and make ways for them and others to feel like they belong.
[1] Disability Ministries Committee of The United Methodist Church. https://umcdmc.org/resources/christian-education/theology/understanding-ableism/
Reflection Questions:
When someone uses old or outdated disability language, do you gently correct them? (e.g., handicap, mental retardation, hearing impaired) Not advocating reinforces ableism.
Are there any persons with disabilities serving in church leadership roles or serving as liturgists? If not, why not?
Identify five or more barriers that persons with disabilities may face in your church? Why have they not been addressed?
Additional Resources:
Disability Language Style Guide by the National Center on Disability and Journalism.
Ableism Toolkit by the Disability Ministries Committee of The United Methodist Church.
